2020 高级英语阅读2(中国矿业大学徐海学院) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-02-25到2020-06-01
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Lesson 1 Reading Practice 1

1、问题:Meteorologists and computer scientists now work together to design computer programs and video equipment capable of transforming raw weather data into words, symbols, and vivid graphic displays that forecasters can interpret easily and quickly.The word raw is closest in meaning to
选项：
A:stormy
B:inaccurate
C:uncooked
D:unprocessed
答案: 【unprocessed】

2、问题:A snowfall consists of myriads of minute ice crystals that fall to the ground in the form of frozen precipitation.The word minute is closest in meaning to
选项：
A:tiny
B:quick
C:clear
D:sharp
答案: 【tiny】

3、问题:These ponderous machines—sometimes pulled by as many as 40 horses—reaped the grain, threshed it, and bagged it, all in one simultaneous operation. The word ponderous is closest in meaning to
选项：
A:advanced
B:heavy
C:complex
D:rapid
答案: 【heavy】

4、问题:Most gulls keep the nest area clear of droppings, and remove empty eggshells after the chicks have hatched, so that the location of the nest is not given away. Kittiwakes defecate over the edge of the nest, which keeps it clean, but this practice, as well as their tendency to leave the nest littered with eggshells, makes its location very conspicuous. The word it refers to
选项：
A:location
B:edge
C:nest
D:practice
答案: 【nest】

5、问题:Actors of that time wore a large mask made of linen or cork, inside which was device like a speaking trumpet to amplify the voice. The word which refers to
选项：
A:mask
B:linen
C:cork
D:trumpet
答案: 【mask】

6、问题:The creatures found range from insects and birds to giant ground sloths, but a total of 17 proboscides (animals with a proboscis or long nose)-including mastodons and Columbian mammoths–have been recovered, most of them from Pit 9, the deepest bone-bearing deposit, which was excavated in 1914.The word them refers to
选项：
A:insects
B:birds
C:sloths
D:proboscides
答案: 【proboscides】

7、问题:Paragraph 7: Despite their name, chaotic systems are not completely random. In fact, many chaotic systems have a kind of underlying order that explains the general features of their behavior even while details at any particular moment remain unpredictable. In a sense, many chaotic systems are “predictably unpredictable”. Our understanding of chaotic systems is increasing at a tremendous rate, but much remains to be learned about them. In paragraph 7, the author suggests that our knowledge of chaotic systems
选项：
A:will never allow us to make accurate predictions
B:has not improved very much over the years
C:reveals details that can be predicted quite accurately
D:requires more research by the scientific community
答案: 【requires more research by the scientific community】

8、问题:ANIMAL SIGNALS IN THE RAIN FOREST Paragraph 5: Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about the less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the forest?
选项：
A:These species are less able to see color, and therefore they communicate with one another using non-visual signals.
B:These species generally live in less densely wooded environments than more colorful birds and animals do.
C:The cries of these species do not carry as well over distances as the cries of more colorful birds and animals.
D:These species depend more on non-visual signals for communication because they are less visible in their environment.
答案: 【These species depend more on non-visual signals for communication because they are less visible in their environment. 】

9、问题:Sociologists view primary groups as bridges between individuals and the larger society because they transmit, mediate, and interpret a society’s cultural patterns and provide the sense of oneness so critical for social solidarity. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
选项：
A:Sociologists think that cultural patterns establish connections between the individual and the larger society.
B:Sociologists believe that individuals with a sense of oneness bridge the gap between society and primary groups.
C:Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society’s cultural patterns.
D:Sociologists believe that the cultural patterns that provide social solidarity arise as bridges from primary groups.
答案: 【Sociologists think primary groups contribute to social solidarity because they help maintain a society’s cultural patterns.】

10、问题:Physiological immaturity may be part of why infants and toddlers do not form extremely enduring memories, even when they hear stories that promote such remembering in preschoolers. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.
选项：
A:Incomplete physiological development may partly explain why hearing stories does not improve long-term memory in infants and toddlers.
B:One reason why preschoolers fail to comprehend the stories they hear is that they are physiologically immature.
C:Given the chance to hear stories infants and toddlers may form enduring memories despite physiological immaturity.
D:Given the chance to hear stories infants and toddlers may form enduring memories despite physiological immaturity.
答案: 【Incomplete physiological development may partly explain why hearing stories does not improve long-term memory in infants and toddlers. 】

Lesson 2 Skimming

1、问题:Go through the passage “Body Language” within 1 minute, and answer the question that follows. (Tips: Read the first sentence of each paragraph.)Body Language What does scientific literature tell us about the idea that body language reflects our real feelings? One experiment carried out about 10 years ago by Ross Buck from Carnegie-Mellon University in Pennsylvania suggests that spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state. Buck and his colleagues tested the accuracy with which people could identify the emotions felt by another person. They presented one set of subjects with color slides involving a variety of emotionally-loaded visual stimuli – such as “scenic” slides (landscapes, etc), “maternal” slides (mothers and young children), disgusting slides (severe facial injuries and burns) and unusual slides (art objects). Unknown to these subjects, they were being televised and viewed by another matched set of subjects, who were asked to decide, on the basis of the televised facial expressions, which of the four sets of slides had just been viewed. This experiment involved both male and female pairs, but no pairs comprising both men and women; that is men observed only men, and women observed women. Buck found that the female pairs correctly identified almost 40 per cent of the slides used – this was above the level which would be predicted by chance alone. (Chance level is 25 per cent here, as there were four classes of slide). But male pairs correctly identified only 28 per cent of slides – not significantly above chance level. In other words, this study suggests that facial expression is not a very good index of “real” feeling – and in the case of men watching and interpreting other men, is almost useless.Paul Ekman from the University of California has conducted a long series of experiments on nonverbal leakage (or how nonverbal behavior may reveal real inner states) which has yielded some more positive and counter-intuitive results. Ekman has suggested that nonverbal behavior may indeed provide a clue to real feelings and has explored in some detail people actively involved in deception, where their verbal language is not a true indication of how they really feel. Ekman here agrees with Sigmund Freud, who was also convinced of the importance of nonverbal behavior in spotting deception when he wrote: “He that has eyes to see and ears to hear may convince himself that no mortal can keep a secret. If his lips are silent, he chatters with his finger-tips; betrayal oozes out of him at every pore.”Ekman predicted that the feet and legs would probably hold the best clue to deception because although the face sends out very quick instantaneous messages, people attend to and receive most feedback from the face and therefore try to control it most. In the case of the feet and legs the “transmission time” is much longer but we have little feedback from this part of the body. In other words, we are often unaware of what we are doing with our feet and legs. Ekman suggested that the face is equipped to lie the most (because we are often aware of our facial expression) and to “leak” the most (because it sends out many fast momentary messages) and is therefore going to be a very confusing source of information during deception. The legs and feet would be the primary source of nonverbal leakage and hold the main clue to deception. The form the leakage in the legs and feet would take would include “aggressive foot kicks, flirtatious leg displays, abortive restless flight movements”. Clues to deception could be seen in “tense leg positions, frequent shifts of leg posture, and in restless or repetitive leg and foot movements.”Ekman conducted a series of experiments to test his speculations, some involving psychiatric patients who were engaging in deception, usually to obtain release from hospital. He made films of interviews involving the patients and showed these, without sound, to one of two groups of observers. One group viewed only the face and head, the other group, the body from the neck down. Each observer was given a list of 300 adjectives describing attitudes, emotional state, and so on, and had to say which adjectives best described the patients. The results indicated quite dramatically that individuals who utilized the face tended to be misled by the patients, whereas those who concentrated on the lower body were much more likely to detect the real state of the patients and not be misled by the attempted deception.These studies thus suggest that some body language may indeed reflect our real feelings, even when we are trying to disguise them. Most people can, however, manage to control facial expression quite well and the face often seems to provide little information about real feeling. Paul Ekman has more recently demonstrated that people can be trained to interpret facial expression more accurately but this, not surprisingly, is a slow laborious process. Ekman’s research, suggests that the feet and legs betray a great deal about real feelings and attitudes but the research is nowhere near identifying the meanings of particular foot movements. Ray Birdwhistell of the Eastern Pennsylvania Psychiatric Institute has gone some way towards identifying some of the basic nonverbal elements of the legs and feet, and as a first approximation has identified 58 separate elements. But the meanings of these particular elements are far from clear and neither are the rules for combining the elements into larger meaningful units. Perhaps in years to come we will have a “language” of the feet provided that we can successfully surmount the problems described earlier in identifying the basic forms of movement following Birdwhistell’s pioneering efforts, of how they may combine into larger units, and in teaching people how they might make sense of apparently contradictory movements. In the meantime, if you go to a party and find someone peering intently at your feet – beware. *********Question:What does this passage want to tell the readers?
选项：
A:Researchers have developed a thorough knowledge about body language.
B:Spontaneous facial expression is not a very good index of real emotional state.
C:Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.
D:The study of body language is a newly emerged subject.
答案: 【Some body language may indeed reflect people’s real feelings.】

Lesson 2 Scanning

1、问题:Read the passage “The Discovery of X-rays” quickly and choose the paragraph(s) which contain(s) the answer(s). You may choose more than one answer for question 3. The Discovery of X-rays Par. 1 Except for a brief description of the Compton effect, and a few other remarks, we have postponed the discussion of X-rays until the present chapter because it is particularly convenient to treat X-ray spectra after treating optical spectra. Although this ordering may have given the reader a distorted impression of the historical importance of X-rays, this impression will be corrected shortly as we describe the crucial role played by X-rays in the development of modern physics.Par. 2 X-rays were discovered in 1895 by Roentgen while studying the phenomena of gaseous discharge. Using a cathode ray tube with a high voltage of several tens of kilovolts, he noticed that salts of barium would fluoresce when brought near the tube, although nothing visible was emitted by the tube. This effect persisted when the tube was wrapped with a layer of black cardboard. Roentgen soon established that the agency responsible for the fluorescence originated at the point at which the stream of energetic electrons struck the glass wall of the tube. Because of its unknown nature, he gave this agency the name X-rays. He found that X-rays could manifest themselves by darkening wrapped photographic plates, discharging charged electroscopes, as well as by causing fluorescence in a number of different substances. He also found that X-rays can penetrate considerable thicknesses of materials of low atomic number, whereas substances of high atomic number are relatively opaque. Roentgen took the first steps in identifying the nature of X-rays by using a system of slits to show that (1) they travel in straight lines, and that (2) they are uncharged, because they are not deflected by electric or magnetic fields.Par. 3 The discovery of X-rays aroused the interest of all physicists, and many joined in the investigation of their properties. In 1899 Haga and Wind performed a single slit diffraction experiment with X-rays which showed that (3) X-rays are a wave motion phenomenon, and, from the size of the diffraction pattern, their wavelength could be estimated to be 10-8 cm. In 1906 Barkla proved that (4) the waves are transverse by showing that they can be polarized by scattering from many materials.Par. 4 There is, of course, no longer anything unknown about the nature of X-rays. They are electromagnetic radiation of exactly the same nature as visible light, except that their wavelength is several orders of magnitude shorter. This conclusion follows from comparing properties 1 through 4 with the similar properties of visible light, but it was actually postulated by Thomson several years before all these properties were known. Thomson argued that X-rays are electromagnetic radiation because such radiation would be expected to be emitted from the point at which the electrons strike the wall of a cathode ray tube. At this point, the electrons suffer very violent accelerations in coming to a stop and, according to classical electromagnetic theory, all accelerated charged particles emit electromagnetic radiations. We shall see later that this explanation of the production of X-rays is at least partially correct.Par. 5 In common with other electromagnetic radiations, X-rays exhibit particle-like aspects as well as wave-like aspects. The reader will recall that the Compton effect, which is one of the most convincing demonstrations of the existence of quanta, was originally observed with electromagnetic radiation in the X-ray region of wavelengths.When were X-rays discovered?
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2】

2、问题:Who discovered X-rays?
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2】

3、问题:What are the four characteristics of X-rays?
选项：
A:Par. 1
B:Par. 2
C:Par. 3
D:Par. 4
E:Par. 5
答案: 【Par. 2;
Par. 3】

【作业】Lesson 2 Responding to Reading

1、问题:The passage can be divided into two parts. What is the main idea of each part? And what is the purpose for writing each part of the text?
评分规则: 【 Main idea of Part 1: The link between migration and economic factors.
Main idea of Part 2: The effects of migration on receiving and sending countries.
Purpsoe of Part 1: Informing the readers of the background information.
Purpose of Part 2: Analyzing the effects of migration.
】

Lesson 3 Identifying the Main ideas

1、问题:Although origin in ritual has long been the most popular, it is by no means the only theory about how the theater came into being. Storytelling has been proposed as one alternative. Under this theory, relating and listening to stories are seen as fundamental human pleasures. Thus, the recalling of an event (a hunt, battle, or other feat) is elaborated through the narrator’s pantomime and impersonation and eventually through each role being assumed by a different person.
选项：
A:The presence of theater in almost all societies is thought to have occurred because early story tellers traveled to different groups to tell their stores.
B:Many theorists believe that theater arises when societies act out myths to preserve social well-being.
C:The more sophisticated societies became, the better they could influence desirable occurrences through ritualized theater.
D: Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.
答案: 【 Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.】

2、问题:In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
选项：
A: Some theories of theater development focus on how theater was used by group leaders to group leaders govern other members of society.
B:Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.
C:The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.
D:Many theorists believe that theater arises when societies act out myths to preserve social well-being.
答案: 【The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.】

Lesson 3 Distinguishing Main Ideas and Details

1、问题:Task 1: Match each topic sentence with a supporting detail. Topic SentenceSupporting Detail1. Very few people in a new job could carry out their duties perfectly from the start.2. It is worth doing a course, if that skill is in great demand at present.3. Latest figures show record unemployment for 16-year-old school leavers.4. This particular recruitment agency has a remarkable record of filling job vacancies.5. ___ There are lists of standard interview questions on the internet.A. This has been put down to the current economic climate, which shows no sign of improving.B. The main reason for this is that they make sure their recommended candidates are suitable.C. Employers understand that there is a learning curve in every position.D. An obvious example is computer literacy, which is a must in every office nowadays.E. These include classics like ‘What’s your greatest weakness?’ and candidates should have an answer prepared. Write down the 5 corresponding letters of the supporting details for the 5 topic sentences. (Write your answer like this: ABCDE)
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)cdabe;
CDABE】

2、问题:Task 2: Match the paragraphs with the topic sentences. There is one extra sentence which you do not need to use. ParagraphTopic Sentence1. No-one is expecting an interviewee to grin manically throughout the interview, but there’s nothing worse than a blank or worried expression. Here’s an old trick: looking up at the ceiling and raising your eyebrows just before entering the interview room will relax your face.2. Interviewers spend all day listening to answers to the same set of questions, and so they would appreciate someone who is concise. Also, digressing into an anecdote about your Aunt Sandy doesn’t say much for your ability to focus on one task. If you have a relevant story to tell, practise it until you can deliver it in as few words as possible.3. ___ Scratching the nose or breaking eye contact, for example, are both sure signs that the interviewee is not being entirely honest. Someone who does not sit straight might be lazy, while someone who sits too straight is probably not creative. These are subjective and perhaps hasty judgements, but interviewers are human, like everyone else. A. Your face should be open and friendly, inviting conversation from the interviewer.B. Small details, such as posture, or the way you hold your head, have a greater impact than you can imagine.C. One interviewer we surveyed said she pays a lot of attention to a candidate’s body language.D. Candidates should keep their answers to the point, without being monosyllabic. Write down the 3 corresponding letters of the topic sentences for the 3 paragraphs.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)adb;
ADB】

Lesson 3 identifying the Main Ideas v2

2、问题:In addition to exploring the possible antecedents of theater, scholars have also theorized about the motives that led people to develop theater. Why did theater develop, and why was it valued after it ceased to fulfill the function of ritual? Most answers fall back on the theories about the human mind and basic human needs. One, set forth by Aristotle in the fourth century B.C., sees humans as naturally imitative—as taking pleasure in imitating persons, things, and actions and in seeing such imitations. Another, advanced in the twentieth century, suggests that humans have a gift for fantasy, through which they seek to reshape reality into more satisfying forms than those encountered in daily life. Thus, fantasy or fiction (of which drama is one form) permits people to objectify their anxieties and fears, confront them, and fulfill their hopes in fiction if not fact. The theater, then, is one tool whereby people define and understand their world or escape from unpleasant realities.
选项：
A:Some theories of theater development focus on how theater was used by group leaders to group leaders govern other members of society.
B:Theater may have come from pleasure humans receive from storytelling and moving rhythmically.
C:The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.
D:Many theorists believe that theater arises when societies act out myths to preserve social well-being.
答案: 【The human capacities for imitation and fantasy are considered possible reasons why societies develop theater.】

Lesson 3 Dealing with Unfamiliar Words

1、问题:Task: Read the article about a kind of fitness training called HIIT. Then choose the best explanations for some of the words and expressions. HIIT: Is the fitness scene’s biggest fad doing more harm than good?1. High Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has been the darling of the fitness scene for a few years now. Fundamentally, it involves repetitions of short bursts of intense, ‘maximal effort’ exercise; usually for anywhere between 20 to 40 seconds.2. The theory behind HIIT is very appealing. By working out at your top level of exertion, you burn more calories in a short space of time than other workouts. What’s more, studies show that your metabolism stays in a heightened state for up to 24 hours after you’ve finished. And in practice, HIIT can have impressive results. It’s an effective tool for increasing cardiovascular fitness, sculpting your physique and increasing metabolic rate. Hence why HIIT classes are popping up all over the place. People have become accustomed to turning up to a class with loud music and dark lighting, just like a night club – and leaving in the same state: barely able to walk.3. However … I have a big bone to pick with HIIT, which is that there’s often no focus on form or technique in these classes, even though it’s now prescribed as the go-to form of exercise for everyone. Instead, the measure of a good HIIT sessions seems to be how ‘destroyed’ you feel after a class. It’s inevitable that problems arise from this ‘all pain for gain’ approach.4. One issue is simply that people are doing workouts that they’re not conditioned for. There is no emphasis on flexibility, mobility or activation in many HIIT classes; yet all are incredibly important in keeping the body fit and healthy as you age.5. What’s more, I regularly see people “smashing” multiple HIIT classes a day, 5-6 days per week. HIIT should not be done more than three times per week (at most), because it is so strenuous. It puts an incredible strain on your nervous system, joints and muscles; especially if you are overweight and unfit.6. The HIIT approach to exercise has gone OTT. It’s entering unsustainable territory.7. HIIT’s rise in popularity is symptomatic of what is wrong with the fitness industry as a whole: a brazen disregard of the fundamentals, and a detrimental “one size fits all” mentality. Having trained 100s of clients in my five years as a personal trainer, the biggest issues most people have are a lack of flexibility, mobility and core strength, on top of muscle activation issues. All of the above can lead to chronic injuries and are further exacerbated by HIIT.8. My belief is that everyone should try to train like athletes do. I don’t mean the same training frequency and intensity as athletes, I mean the mentality and the approach. Having trained as a competitive sprinter for four years, I learned to take every aspect of my life into account: sleep, rest days, nutrition and weaknesses. I learnt to listen to my body. Some days I would wake up feeling tired and fatigued, so on those days I wouldn’t train hard. I would do something less intense and focus on recovery.9. Remember: burning calories isn’t the be all and end all of fitness and good health. Yes, HIIT may burn more calories than any other form of exercise, but it’s no use if it leads to injury or illness. Overtraining is a real danger: it can ruin your immune system, cause insomnia, affect your appetite and release cortisol, which in turn can make you more likely to put on fat. ********What does the word “fad” in the title probably mean?
选项：
A:Craze.
B:Program.
C:Liar.

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