2020 英语翻译与写作（博士）(西安科技大学) 最新满分章节测试答案

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本课程起止时间为:2020-02-24到2020-06-26
本篇答案更新状态:已完结

Lesson 1 Academic Writing & Critical Thinking

1、 问题:Read the following passage about Zoos and answer the questions.Zoos have existed in some form since at least 2500 BC in Egypt and Mesopotamia, where records indicate giraffes, bears, dolphins, and other animals were kept by aristocrats. The oldest still operating zoo in the world, Tiergarten Schönbrunn in Vienna, opened in 1752. Although controversy has historically surrounded zoos, from debates over displaying “exotic” humans in exhibits to zookeepers not knowing what to feed animals, I do believe that zoos should exist. ①In my opinion, zoos are important institutions that promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.First of all, zoos produce helpful scientific research. Since so many diseases can be transmitted from animals to humans, such as Ebola and the bird flu, zoos frequently conduct disease surveillance research in wildlife populations and their own captive populations that can lead to a direct impact on human health. Take the zoos in the United Stated as an example. In 2017, 173 accredited US zoos spent $25 million on research, studied 485 species and subspecies of animals, worked on 1,280 research projects, and published 170 research manuscripts.②Zoos can also educate the public about animals and conservation efforts. According to a study of 26 zoos worldwide published in Conservation Biology, visitors to zoos increased their knowledge of biodiversity and specific individual actions to protect biodiversity. Robin Ganzert, PhD, President and CEO of American Humane, once stated, “Zoos provide people, especially impressionable children, with the opportunity to see these remarkable animals up close. People won’t protect what they don’t love, and they can’t love what they don’t know.” ③It is zoos that give people the chance to appreciate the animals from different corners of the world in real life.In addition, zoos help save species from extinction and other dangers. According to records, there were only nine California condors in the wild in 1985. ④However, a joint conservation effort between the San Diego and Los Angeles Zoos with other organizations resulted in a population of 276 California condors in the wild and another 170 in captivity by 2016. The truth is that zoos are working to save polar bears, tigers, and wild African elephants from habitat loss, apes and rhinos from poachers, dolphins and whales from hunters, and bees and butterflies from population declines, among many other efforts to help many other animals.In conclusion, zoos do bring a lot of benefits to mankind and thus have a reason to exist. No matter in the promotion of scientific research and public education or in the save of animals from extinction, they have indeed made a huge difference. 1. What is the main argument of the author?
选项：
A:Zoos should exist.
B:Zoos help save species from extinction and other dangers.
C:Zoos can promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
D:Zoos should exist because they can help promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
答案: 【Zoos should exist because they can help promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.】

2、 问题:Which point of view has the author adopted in this article?
选项：
A:The first person point of view.
B:The second person point of view.
C:The third person point of view.
D:There is no consistent point of view.
答案: 【The third person point of view.】

3、 问题:Which of the four underlined sentences is a fact instead of an opinion?
选项：
A:①In my opinion, zoos are important institutions that promote scientific research and public education, and save animals from extinction.
B:②Zoos can also educate the public about animals and conservation efforts.
C:③It is zoos that give people the chance to appreciate the animals from different corners of the world in real life.
D:④However, a joint conservation effort between the San Diego and Los Angeles Zoos with other organizations resulted in a population of 276 California condors in the wild and another 170 in captivity by 2016.
答案: 【④However, a joint conservation effort between the San Diego and Los Angeles Zoos with other organizations resulted in a population of 276 California condors in the wild and another 170 in captivity by 2016.】

4、 问题:If you want to do some further research about the benefits of zoos, you may need to read the following articles EXCEPT ______.
选项：
A:Something Mysterious Is Killing Captive Gorillas
B:Ten Endangered Species Saved from Extinction by Zoos
C:Conservation Success Stories in AZA-Accredited Zoos and Aquariums
D:Why Zoos and Aquariums Matter: Assessing the Impact of a Visit to a Zoo or Aquarium
答案: 【Something Mysterious Is Killing Captive Gorillas】

【作业】Lesson 1 Reflections on academic writing

1、 问题:Write a short essay of around 300 words reflecting on your understanding of academic writing. Talk about why you decided to take this course, what you thought about academic writing before you started the course, and what you have learned about academic writing now that you have completed the first lesson.
评分规则: 【 Meet the length requirement. (around 300 words)
Meet the content requirement. (Talk about why you decided to take this course, what you thought about academic writing before you started the course, and what have learned about academic writing now that you have completed the first lesson.)
The essay has a logical structure.
The essay has accurate and appropriate language.
】

【作业】Lesson 2 Write an expository essay on the applications of information technology

1、 问题:Write an expository essay of around 300 words on the topic of “the applications of information technology in the economic activities of our society”. You need to specify which econominc activity or activities you are focusing on, how the information technology is applied, and the changes in people’s lives that are brought about by the applications.
评分规则: 【 Meet the length requirement. (around 300 words)
Meet the content requirement. (You need to specify which econominc activity or activities your are focusing on, how the information technology is applied, and the changes in people’s lives that are brought about by the applications.)
The essay has a logical structure.
The essay has accurate and appropriate language.
】

Lesson 2 Expository and Persuasive Essay Writing

1、 问题:If you are going to tell people how to make a mosaic stained glass window, which type of writing would you probably choose?
选项：
A:Expository writing.
B:Descriptive writing.
C:Persuasive writing.
D:Narrative writing.
答案: 【Expository writing.】

2、 问题:Which of the following articles is most likely to be persuasive writing?
选项：
A:How to Grow Potatoes in a Bag
B:Cuba Starts Rationing Food and Other Products
C:Textbooks Should Never be Replaced by Tablets in K-12 Schools
D:Japanese Universities to Hire Non-smoking Staff Only
答案: 【Textbooks Should Never be Replaced by Tablets in K-12 Schools】

3、 问题:You may use persuasive writing for the following purposes EXCEPT ______.
选项：
A:to write a letter of recommendation
B:to convince people of the benefits of a certain product
C: to write news stories
D:to defend your opinions in a book review
答案: 【 to write news stories】

4、 问题:Decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing. Garbage collectors in the Turkish capital Ankara are recycling the books they find in the trash. They have created a mobile library which is full of books that people have thrown away. The over 9,000 books are divided into 20 categories, including politics, philosophy, drama, thrillers, romance and history. The garbage collectors hope to create a greater passion for reading books in children, especially in the age of mobile phones and tablets.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【错误】

5、 问题:Decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing. The multiple-choice format used on standardized tests is an inadequate assessment tool. It encourages a simplistic way of thinking in which there are only right and wrong answers, which doesn’t apply in real-world situations. The format is also biased toward male students, who studies have shown adapt more easily to the game-like point scoring of multiple-choice questions.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

6、 问题:Decide if the following paragraph is persuasive writing.Abortion should not be legalized since life begins at conception and thus unborn babies are human beings with a right to life. Upon fertilization, a human individual is created with a unique genetic identity that remains unchanged throughout his or her life. This individual has a fundamental right to life, which must be protected.
选项：
A:正确
B:错误
答案: 【正确】

【作业】Lesson 3 Write an expository essay on the problems of drug use in some Western countries

1、 问题:Write an expository essay of around 300 words on the problems of drug use in some Western countries. Make sure you have an introductory paragraph, a concluding paragraph, and at least 3 body paragraphs. You should write your introductory and concluding paragraphs as instructed in the micro-lectures.
评分规则: 【 Meet the length requirement. (around 300 words)
Meet the content requirement. (problems of drug use in some Western countries)
The essay has a logical structure, with at least 5 paragraphs that include a well-structured introduction and a conclusion.
The essay has accurate and appropriate language.
】

Lesson 3 Writing Conclusions

1、 问题:There are basically six different information elements that may appear in the conclusion of academic essays:A. Original question and hypothesisB. Review of major findingsC. Explanation for findingsD. LimitationsE. ImplicationsF. Further research applicationsRead the following sentences and decide which type of information each sentence expresses. Fill in each blank with a letter that corresponds to the type of information expressed in the sentence. For example, you will write “A” if the sentence indicates the original question or hypothesis, or “B” if it is a review of major findings.1. A control group was not available and only two measures were taken in assessing changes in satisfaction.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)D;
d】

2、 问题:This study suggests that reactions to driving situations are not fully determined by the objective facts.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)E;
e】

3、 问题:The findings of this research raise three general issues for future consideration.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)F;
f】

4、 问题:This research was aimed at finding out why so many people believe political manoeuver is common.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)A;
a】

5、 问题:We have seen that e-mail is both the product as well as a powerful medium for human action.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)B;
b】

6、 问题:The small scale of this study requires particular caution in interpreting these findings.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)D;
d】

7、 问题:The findings of this study support the basic premise that the lexicon is an integral component in the construction of meaningful written text.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)C;
c】

8、 问题:The theory led us to infer that older workers would have poorer performance than younger workers.
答案: 【(以下答案任选其一都对)E;
e】

Lesson 4 Incorporating Sources

1、 问题:Read the following paragraph about animal testing and answer the questions.Many people believe that animal testing should not be forbidden since it has contributed to many life-saving cures and treatments. The California Biomedical Research Association states that nearly every medical breakthrough in the last 100 years has resulted directly from research using animals. For example, experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics. Chris Abee, Director of the University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center’s animal research facility, states that “we wouldn’t have a vaccine for hepatitis B without chimpanzees,” and says that the use of chimps is “our best hope” for finding a vaccine for Hepatitis C, a disease that kills thousands of Americans annually.1. How many sources are cited?
选项：
A:One.
B:Two.
C:Three.
D:Zero.
答案: 【Two.】

2、 问题:What is the main method the author adopted to incorporate the evidence from Chris Abee into the argument?
选项：
A:Summarizing.
B:Paraphrasing.
C:Using direct quote.
D:Interpreting.
答案: 【Using direct quote.】

Lesson 4 Using Evidence

1、 问题:Suppose you think animals should NOT be used for scientific testing. Which of the following evidence best supports your argument?
选项：
A:Experiments in which dogs had their pancreases removed led directly to the discovery of insulin, critical to saving the lives of diabetics.
B:According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation.
C:Because animals and humans are so biologically similar, they are susceptible to many of the same conditions and illnesses, including heart disease, cancer, and diabetes.
D:When testing medicines for potential toxicity, the lives of human volunteers should not be put in danger unnecessarily.
答案: 【According to Humane Society International, animals used in experiments are commonly subjected to force feeding, forced inhalation, food and water deprivation.】

2、 问题:Suppose you are writing an essay on gun control. Which TWO of the following sources might be the most relevant papers to your research?
选项：
A:Guns don’t kill people, People kill people
B:Does Illegal Immigration Disadvantage American Workers?
C:Do More Guns Mean More Deaths and Injuries?
D:Leading Causes of Death in America
答案: 【Guns don’t kill people, People kill people;
Do More Guns Mean More Deaths and Injuries?】

【作业】Lesson 4 Write an expository essay on animal attractioin

1、 问题:Write an expository essay of around 300 words on the topic of “Different animals attract their mates in different ways”. You need to cite from at least 3 different sources. You need to include source information, introduce the cited content and build connections among the citations. Also remember to write an introductory and a concluding paragraph.
评分规则: 【 Meet the length requirement. (around 300 words)
Meet the content requirement. (on the topic of “Different animals attract their mates in different ways”)
The essay has a logical structure. (You need to cite from at least 3 different sources. You need to include
source information, introduce the cited content and build connections among the citations. Also remember to write an introductory and a concluding paragraph.)
The essay has accurate and appropriate language.